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Visible-light astronomy
Visible-light astronomy encompasses a wide variety of observations via telescopes that are sensitive in the range of visible light (optical telescopes). It includes ''imaging'', where a picture of some sort is made of the object; ''photometry'', where the amount of light coming from an object is measured, ''spectroscopy'', where the distribution of that light with respect to its wavelength is measured, and ''polarimetry'' where the polarisation state of that light is measured. An example of spectroscopy is the study of spectral lines to understand of what kind of matter light is going through. Visible astronomy also includes looking up at night (skygazing). Visible-light astronomy is part of optical astronomy.
==Beginning==
(詳細はHans Lippershey in the Netherlands in 1608, Galileo, in the following year, made a telescope with about 3x magnification. He later made improved versions with up to about 30x magnification.〔Drake (1990, pp. 133–34).〕 With a Galilean telescope the observer could see magnified, upright images on the earth—it was what is commonly known as a terrestrial telescope or a spyglass. He could also use it to observe the sky; for a time he was one of those who could construct telescopes good enough for that purpose. On 25 August 1609, he demonstrated one of his early telescopes, with a magnification of about 8 or 9, to Venetian lawmakers. His telescopes were also a profitable sideline for Galileo selling them to merchants who found them useful both at sea and as items of trade. He published his initial telescopic astronomical observations in March 1610 in a brief treatise entitled ''Sidereus Nuncius'' (''Starry Messenger'').〔Sharratt (1994, (pp. 1–2 ))〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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